The Devil and Tom Walker Summary and Study Guide

Washington Irving, one of early Americas greatest storytellers, was the author of such beloved works as Rip Van Winkle (1819) and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1820). Another of his short stories, The Devil and Tom Walker, is not as well known, but it is definitely worth seeking out. The Devil and Tom Walker was first published in 1824 among a collection of short stories called Tales of a Traveller, which Irving wrote under pseudonym Geoffrey Crayon.  The story appropriately appeared in a section called Money-Diggers, as the tale chronicles the selfish choices of an exceptionally stingy and greedy man. Historical Context Irvings piece is a relatively early entry into the many literary works considered Faustian tales—stories depicting greed, a thirst for instant gratification, and, ultimately, a deal with the devil as the means to such selfish ends. The original legend of  Faust  dates to 16th-century Germany; Christopher Marlowe then dramatized (and popularized) it in his play The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, which was first performed sometime around 1588.  Faustian tales have been a hallmark of Western culture ever since, inspiring the major themes of plays, poems,  operas, classical music, and even film and television productions. Given its dark subject matter, it is unsurprising that The Devil and Tom Walker sparked a fair amount of controversy, particularly among the religious population. Still, many consider it an exemplary piece of narrative writing and one of Irvings finest stories. In fact, Irvings piece triggered a rebirth of sorts for the Faustian tale. It is widely reported to have inspired  Stephen Vincent Benets The Devil and Daniel Webster, which appeared in The Saturday Evening Post in 1936—more than a century after Irvings story came out. Plot Summary The story opens with the tale of how  Captain Kidd, a pirate, buried some treasure in a swamp just outside Boston. It then jumps to the year 1727, when New Englander Tom Walker happened to find himself walking through this swamp. Walker, explains the narrator, was just the kind of man to jump at the prospect of a buried treasure, as he, along with his wife, was selfish to the point of destruction. While walking through the swamp,  Walker comes upon the devil, a great black man carrying an ax, whom Irving calls Old Scratch. The devil in disguise  tells Walker about the treasure, saying that he controls it but will give it to Tom for a price. Walker agrees readily, without really considering what he is expected to pay in return—his soul. The rest of the tale follows the twists and turns one might expect as a result of greed-driven decisions and deal-making with the devil. Main Characters Tom Walker Tom Walker is the protagonist of the story. He  is described as a meager miserly fellow and is probably Irvings least likable character. However, despite his many unsavory characteristics, he is memorable.  Walker is often compared to Faust/Faustus, the protagonist of the legend that has inspired countless works throughout literary history, including Marlowe, Goethe, and more. Walker's wife Walkers wife is such a minor character that her name is never given, but she can be likened to her husband in her miserly nature and volatile temper. Irving describes: Toms wife was a tall termagant, fierce of temper, loud of tongue, and strong of arm. Her voice was often heard in wordy warfare with her husband, and his face sometimes showed signs that their conflicts were not confined to words. Old Scratch Old Scratch is another name for the devil. Irving describes: It is true, he was dressed in a rude, half Indian garb, and had a red belt or sash swathed round his body, but his face was neither black nor copper color, but swarthy and dingy and begrimed with soot, as if he had been accustomed to toil among fires and forges. The actions of Old Scratch are similar to other Faustian tales in that he is the tempter who offers the protagonist riches or other gains in exchange for their soul. Major Events and Setting The Devil and Tom Walker may be a short story, but quite a bit takes place in its few pages. The events—and the locations in which they take place—really drive the overarching theme of the story: avarice and its consequences. The events of the story can be divided into two locations: Old Indian Fort Tom Walker takes a shortcut through tangled, dark, and dingy swamplands, which are so dark and uninviting that they represent hell in the story. Tom meets the devil, Old Scratch, at an abandoned Indian fort hidden away in the swamplands.Old Scratch offers Tom riches hidden by Captain  Kidd in exchange for certain conditions. The conditions are, of course, that Walker sells his soul to him. Tom initially rejects the offer, but ultimately agrees.Toms wife confronts Old Scratch. She goes into the swamplands twice, hoping that Old Scratch would make a deal with her instead of her husband. Toms wife absconds with all of the couples valuables for the second meeting, but she disappears into the swamplands and is never heard from again. Boston Bolstered by the ill-gotten riches offered by Old Scratch, Walker opens a brokers office in Boston. Walker lends money freely, but he is merciless in his dealings and ruins the lives of many borrowers, often repossessing their property.A ruined speculator asks for a debt he owes to Tom to be forgiven. Walker refuses, but the devil rides in on a horse, easily sweeps Tom up, and gallops away. Tom is never seen again. After that, all the deeds and notes in Walkers safe turn to ash, and his house mysteriously burns down. Key Quotes The legend of a man who sells his soul to the devil and its devious consequences has been retold many times, but Irvings original words truly reveal the story. Setting the scene: About the year 1727, just at the time when earthquakes were prevalent in New England and shook many tall sinners down upon their knees, there lived near this place a meager miserly fellow of the name of Tom Walker. Describing the protagonist: Tom was a hard-minded fellow, not easily daunted, and he had lived so long with a termagant wife, that he did not even fear the devil. Describing the protagonist and his wife: ...they were so miserly that they even conspired to cheat each other. Whatever the woman could lay hands on she hid away: a hen could not cackle but she was on the alert to secure the new-laid egg. Her husband was continually prying about to detect her secret hoards, and many and fierce were the conflicts that took place about what ought to have been common property. Laying out the potential moral consequences of greed: As Tom waxed old, however, he grew thoughtful. Having secured the good things of this world, he began to feel anxious about those of the next. The communitys state of mind regarding the death of Walker and his wife: The good people of Boston shook their heads and shrugged their shoulders, but had been so much accustomed to witches and goblins and tricks of the devil in all kinds of shapes from the first settlement of the colony, that they were not so much horror struck as might have been expected. Study Guide Questions Once students have had a chance to read this classic tale, test their knowledge with these study questions: What is important about the title? Had you ever heard a similar phrase before reading the story?  What are the conflicts in The Devil and Tom Walker? What types of conflict (physical, moral, intellectual, or emotional) do you see?Who was Faust (in literary history)? How could Tom Walker be said to have made a Faustian bargain?How does greed factor into this story? Do you think the Walker familys financial situation plays a factor in their choices?  Ã‚  What are some themes in the story? How do they relate to the plot and characters?  Compare and contrast Tom Walker with Scrooge in A Christmas Carol by  Charles Dickens.Is Tom Walker consistent in his actions? Is he a fully developed character? How? Why?  Do you find the characters likable? Are the characters persons you would want to meet?  Why or why not?Discuss some of the symbols in The Devil and Tom Walker.  How are women portrayed in this story? Is the portrayal positive or negative?  Ã‚  Does the story end the wa y you expected? How did you feel about the ending? Was it fair? Why or why not?  What is the central or primary purpose of the story? Is the purpose important or meaningful?  How essential is the setting to the story? Could the story have taken place anywhere else?  What supernatural or surprising events are employed by  Washington Irving? Are these happenings believable?  How do you think Irvings Christian  beliefs impacted his writing?  Ã‚  What would you trade your soul for?  Do you think Tom and his wife made the right choice?

The Glass Ceiling And Sexual Harassment - 882 Words

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Engineering Leadership Skills-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Engineering Leadership skills and knowledge about the given Case Study. Answer: Introduction Engineering leadership is the leadership or the management of technical and technological skills and knowledge that are utilized for the betterment of the organization or the project that he is working for. The report describes the three major traits of engineering leadership with proper examples. The traits are important for engineering leadership in all organizations (Denstadli, Julsrud and Hjorthol 2012). The case study given in this report clearly mentions the modification of the communication plan. The report outlines a communication plan for the case study given. The communication plan for the mentioned project needs serious modification, which is to be done with the help of the engineering leadership traits (Ahn et al. 2014). The report describes the traits with proper examples, which help to understand the traits better. The report further covers the benefits of face-to-face meetings and what can be the other option if face-to-face meetings are not possible. It also helps to understand the difference between the traditional project communication plan and the modern project communication plan. The description of the case study is given in the following paragraphs. Discussion Engineering Leadership The innovative and technical skills and knowledge that are utilized for the betterment of a company or organization is known as the engineering leadership. This particular type of leadership is needed in every organization (Rottmann, Sacks and Reeve 2015). This type of leadership is used to bring alterations and changes in the company. The changes include the new and unconventional design, implementation and conception, of new processes, materials, products, projects, systems, software, and molecules, which are reinforced by the creation of enabling different technologies, to meet the necessities and needs of society and the clients of the project. Engineering leadership is useful and extremely important for all organizations. This is generally an amalgamation of both engineering and management (Garca-Morales, Jimnez-Barrionuevo and Gutirrez-Gutirrez 2012). The skills and knowledge of engineering background and the ability to control and manage situations, together constitute enginee ring leadership. Examples of Engineering Leaders The six famous engineering leaders, who have helped the world with their exclusive engineering knowledge, skills and leadership, are mentioned in this report. The engineering leaders have unique engineering skills and management ability that have made famous (Hwang and Ng 2013). Trait 1 A good engineering leader becomes successful if he/she succeeds in the trait of acceptance of risks and failures that are coupled together to make the staffs learn how to overcome the situation if the project goes wrong. The two examples of such leaders are as follows: Personalities Tim Cook: Timothy Donald Cook an American industrial engineer, business executive anddeveloper. Cook is theCEO or the Chief Executive OfficerofApple Inc., who was previously serving as the Apple Inc.sChief Operating Officer, under the founderSteve Jobs (Cameron 2012). Apple Inc. launched watches under their brand on 24 April, 2015. However, the watch did not become as popular as the other Apple products. It faced huge losses. However, Cook did not break down and neither did he allow his employees to feel down. He rather planned to make the watch better, so that the customers accept it. Finally, on 16 September, 2016, Apple Inc. launched the second version of Apple watch. This was well accepted by the customers. Sundar Pichai: Sundar Pichai is an Indian business executive who is the Chief Executive Officer or CEO of Google Inc. (Saebi and Foss 2015). He has completed his engineering from IIT Madras and done his M.S. from Stanford University. Google Lively was one of the biggest mistakes of Google. It did not last for more than six months in 2008. However, Pichai did not break down, rather he helped his fellow employees to overcome the situation. Trait 2 The second trait is the building and directing teams that are winning for retaining and attracting the innovators. A leader becomes successful when he has the ability to manage and guide his teams in such a way that it retains innovators (Hwang and Ng 2013). The examples of such engineering leaders are as follows: Personalities Erin Hoffman: Erin Hoffman is an American blogger, game developer and writer. She is famous for her popular game Kung Fu Panda World. She is a wonderful engineering leader with amazing leadership skills. Kung Fu Panda game was launched on 3rd June, 2008 and soon it attracted clients (Rottmann, Sacks and Reeve 2015). Hoffman managed and directed her employees in such a way that they retained and attracted the customers. Bridget Frey: Bridget Frey is the CTO of Redfin since the year 2015. Previously, she was the Vice President of engineering in Redfin and the director of Analytics Business Applications for Lithium. She was even the founding member of the analytics team of IntrinsiQ. She even held senior management positions in Plumtree and IMlogic. During her stay in the management positions, Frey retained and directed her staffs. Trait 3 The third trait of leadership is the degree of passion for innovation and mission in the work, as well as sharing that passion with the employees. Innovation is needed for any product or organization. Every engineering leader should have the passion for innovation (Rottmann, Sacks and Reeve 2015). The two famous leaders, who have excelled in this trait, are as follows: Personalities Noah Glass: Noah Glass is one of the co-founders of the social networking site Twitter. Twitters stock declined around 45% in the year 2015. However, the new changes and the innovations made by Glass, helped Twitter to increase the popularity. Glass always had a thirst for innovations, which he even passed on to his employees. Jerry Yang: The co-founder and the former CEO of Yahoo! Inc., Jerry Yang is one of the famous engineering leaders. Yahoo was the first recognized search engine before Google. After Yahoo search engine became popular, Yahoo mail was launched (Cameron 2012). Yang had the passion for his work and innovations, and he shared this passion with his employees. Case Study AusElec is a large electronics company in Australia. I am the project leader of traditional and collocated projects, and I rely on the oral communication that is face-face meetings, and team meetings, emails, telephones and hard copies of memos, reports and letters. Recently, I was given a hybrid transnational project known as the Hytrans, where most of the team members are located in different parts and time zones of the world. Only me, Joseph and Tina are present in the headquarters of Sydney. Since most of the team members are located in different time zones of the world, it was extremely difficult for me to communicate with them and organize meetings. Any project is successful only when all the team members are present and they have meetings face-to-face. Video and audio conferences help in this case to some extent, although face-to-face meetings are way more successful than those conferences (Baek, Wojcieszak and Delli Carpini 2012). After the project is launched, I noticed that the communications plan that is made for the project needs severe modification. I need to draft a new communication plan with proper modification. Communication Plan Communication planningis the science and art of meeting the target audiences using various marketingcommunicationchannels such as public relations, direct mails, advertising, or experiences (Szeberenyi 2015). I need to modify the communication plan of Hytrans. Since, only three members are present in the headquarters of Sydney and rest all, the members are located in different parts of the world, it became very difficult to communicate with them (Akmajian et al. 2013). When a member is present in one part of the world and the other member is present in other part of the world, there is a high chance that their time differences will clash. this exactly was happening with my team. Therefore, I decided that the new communication plan should have audio and video conferences instead of telephones and emails. The difference between the new and the traditional communication plans was that the communication mode was changed, which means there was video conferences instead of emails or memos. Face-to-Face Meetings Hytrans is a hybrid transnational project, in which most of the members are located in different time zones and different parts of the world. I being the project leader found it very hard to communicate with my team members. According to me, face-to-face meetings are extremely important for any organization (McConnell et al. 2013). The main reasons why face-to-face meetings are the best are as follows) Body Language is communication: Body language is important for any sort of communication. Half of the words are spoken through body languages. When a team is interacting on phones or emails, there is no chance of showing body language, which can sometimes be misleading (Mller 2013). The person may not understand what the other person is wanting to express. Ensures Engagement: All the team members can take part in discussions in face-to-face meetings, which is not possible in a virtual meeting More Efficient: It is seen than face-to-face meetings are shorter than audio conferences. Drives participation: Face-to-face meetings have more participation of members than in conference calls. Face-to-face meetings are much better than other modes of meetings because of the above-mentioned reasons. I highly recommend such meetings for the success of Hytrans as it will clarify the doubts and the new communication plan can be easily modified (Denstadli, Julsrud and Hjorthol 2012). However, if face-to-face meetings are possible at any cost, the only other option against this, I think is the video conference. Video conferences can be the only substitute of face-to-face meetings. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion it can be concluded that, engineering leadership is an important aspect in any business or any organization. This type of leadership helps the organization to make innovative alterations and changes in their project that will make the project even better. The report describes about the basic traits of engineering leadership that makes an engineering leader successful in his life. The report also describes the different engineering leadership strategies of six famous engineering leaders, who have used their engineering skills and managerial ability to conquer the world. The above report further describes about the modification in communication plan of the case study given and the benefits of face-to-face meetings. References Ahn, B., Cox, M.F., London, J., Cekic, O. and Zhu, J., 2014. Creating an instrument to measure leadership, change, and synthesis in engineering undergraduates.Journal of Engineering Education,103(1), pp.115-136. [online] https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jee.20036/full Akmajian, A., Farmer, A.K., Bickmore, L. and Harnish, R.M., 2017.Linguistics: An introduction to language and communication. MIT press [online] https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=VF4nDwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PT8dq=Akmajian,+A.,+Farmer,+A.K.,+Bickmore,+L.+and+Harnish,+R.M.,+2017.+Linguistics:+An+introduction+to+language+and+communication.+MIT+pressots=oZXqzvs41vsig=NTSxJPAIVy7FHtyWISWI06jd-Wk#v=onepageqf=false Baek, Y.M., Wojcieszak, M. and Delli Carpini, M.X., 2012. Online versus face-to-face deliberation: Who? Why? What? With what effects?.New media society,14(3), pp.363-383. [online] https://www.looooker.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Online-versus-face-to-face-deliberation1.pdf Cameron, K., 2012.Positive leadership: Strategies for extraordinary performance. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. [online] https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/29441788/positiveleadership.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3AExpires=1503036195Signature=AL8bxmj5Vv9Mv359s7GEgK9xsvA%3Dresponse-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DPositive_leadership_Strategies_for_extra.pdf Denstadli, J.M., Julsrud, T.E. and Hjorthol, R.J., 2012. Videoconferencing as a mode of communication: A comparative study of the use of videoconferencing and face-to-face meetings.Journal of Business and Technical Communication,26(1), pp.65-91. [online] https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Randi_Hjorthol/publication/239773432_Videoconferencing_as_a_Mode_of_Communication_A_Comparative_Study_of_the_Use_of_Videoconferencing_and_Face-to-Face_Meetings/links/00b7d5281cde1a0a1d000000.pdf Garca-Morales, V.J., Jimnez-Barrionuevo, M.M. and Gutirrez-Gutirrez, L., 2012. Transformational leadership influence on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation.Journal of business research,65(7), pp.1040-1050. [online] https://npchr.nipc.ir/uploads/Transformational_leadership_15525.pdf Hwang, B.G. and Ng, W.J., 2013. Project management knowledge and skills for green construction: Overcoming challenges.International Journal of Project Management,31(2), pp.272-284. [online] https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bon-Gang_Hwang/publication/257094667_Project_management_knowledge_and_skills_for_green_construction_Overcoming_challenges/links/0c96052f3321e1fa02000000.pdf McConnell, T.J., Parker, J.M., Eberhardt, J., Koehler, M.J. and Lundeberg, M.A., 2013. Virtual professional learning communities: Teachers perceptions of virtual versus face-to-face professional development.Journal of Science Education and Technology,22(3), pp.267-277. [online] https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/37234299/McConnelletalJoST2012.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3AExpires=1503036269Signature=XLJo8KOjoqNRzmr9sobZdvm8AHU%3Dresponse-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DVirtual_Professional_Learning_Communitie.pdf Mller, C. ed., 2013.Body-Language-Communication(pp. 310-319). de Gruyter. [online] https://www.revolvy.com/main/index.php?s=Dance%20in%20Indiaitem_type=topic Rottmann, C., Sacks, R. and Reeve, D., 2015. Engineering leadership: Grounding leadership theory in engineers professional identities.Leadership,11(3), pp.351-373. [online] https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57b6154a2e69cf98b3fb7031/t/57d3612644024343d18e0222/1473470759895/Engineering+Leadership+-+Grounding+Leadership+Theory.pdf Saebi, T. and Foss, N.J., 2015. Business models for open innovation: Matching heterogeneous open innovation strategies with business model dimensions.European Management Journal,33(3), pp.201-213. [online] https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/298636/Saebi_Business.pdf?sequence=3 Szeberenyi, A., 2015.Project Communication Plan(No. AIDA-2020-MS4). [online] https://cds.cern.ch/record/2047412/files/AIDA-2020-MS4.pdf

Rip Van Winkle A Story Thats Simple But Complex Essays -

Rip Van Winkle A Story Thats Simple But Complex Rip Van WinkleA Story Thats Simple But Complex Rip Van Winkle by Washington Irving has been a well known story told throughout time. As a child, there is no doubt you have heard a famous tale by Washington Irving about a carefree man who slept for 20 years. Like many stories, Irving's "Rip Van Winkle" has been told so many times throughout American history that it has lost its original purpose. The story is now remembered for its fairy tale like quality and its appeal to the children and the young at heart. However, when read more closely, one may discover how irony played a hand in Irvings character which enhanced the creativity of Rip Van Winkle. Throughout the story, the most prominent situational irony that could be seen is the outcome of the beverage drinking. Actually irony is one of the main principles in Washington Irving's stories. His irony is light and kind, it is closer to humor than to sarcasm or satire. Humor is a particular tool used in order to create a comic effect; it suggests a good natured laugh at a man or an event. Nicholas Vedder, a landlord of the inn, who was considered to be a patriarch of the village because he always smokes a pipe and never uttered a word. He even had adherents who would observe him attentively and understand, by the way he was smoking his pipe, whether he approved of the situation or not. When anything that was read or related displeased him, he was observed to smoke his pipe vehemently, and to send forth short, frequent and angry puffs; but when pleased, he would inhale he smoke slowly and tranquilly Here we could see the gap between the reality and the words, which creates a humor ous situation. With this kind of comical humor in the story, it contradicts to the resulted scenes after twenty years. After Mr. Winkle returned to town, his house was described as empty, forlorn and apparently abandoned continued by he called loudly for his wife and childrenthe lonely chambers rang for a moment with his voice, and then all again was silence. Comparing to the previous fantasized setting, the new atmosphere is dimmed and gloomy. Irving created a dramatic change between twenty years before and after. Although various types of situational ironies could be found, there is also a verbal irony that contradicts. The original full title of the story was supposed to be called Rip Van Winkle, a Posthumous Writing of Diedrich Knickerbocker. Irving starts with a verbal irony; a story is called "a posthumous writing". But a posthumous writing cannot exist, there can be only a posthumous publishing. Because no one could write books after hes in the grave. So, there is a paradox, a gap between the words and the reality. This adds suspense and fantasy, and draws the readers attention to the story. Rip Van Winkle', demonstrates Irving's versatile talent. The author appears to be not only a keen word-lover but also a gifted ironist, who uses all the possible literature devices to create the atmosphere full of joie de vivre in his witty and light romantic stories. Although he passed away, his classic tales will always be remembered and long live through American literature.