Kawabata’s Beauty and Sadness and Murakami’s Hard-Boiled Wonderland and

Kawabatas Beauty and Sadness and Murakamis Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World Although wildly different in subject matter and style, Kawabatas Beauty and Sadness and Murakamis Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World both show how Japan has been internationalized as well as how it has remained traditional. Kawabatas novel is traditional and acceptable, much like the haiku poetry he imitates, but has a thread of rebelliousness and modernity course through the web that binds the characters together. Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World is devastatingly modern, and yet has a similar but opposite undertone of old Japan, or at least(prenominal) a nostalgia for old Japan. In both novels a more international culture has taken root in Japan, and it seems that the characters both embrace and run from the implications of a globalized, hybridized culture. With the graceful starkness of traditional Japanese haiku, Kawabata reveals a twisted set of love affa irs between four people that ultimately lead to their downfalls. Haiku depicts a meditational view of the world where nothing is meaningless in Beauty and Sadness all of the relations represent aspects of new and old Japan, mirroring the rise and fall of Japanese culture in their movements. Among these relationships, perhaps the most traditional is found between Oki and Otoko although it is tragic and somewhat leacherous, the bond between a young woman (or girl) and an sr. man is an acceptable affair in traditional Japanese culture. They represent the oldest parts of Japanese custom, and adhere to that measure throughout the novel. Okis wish to memorize the temple bells with Otoko reflects this long established pattern of old man and young girl, as ... ...lly, however, he begins to fight back against this loss of identicalness and struggles to regain himself, realizing that steal memories was stealing time... forget the end of the world, I was ready to reclaim my whole self. (M urakami, 239) As he sits back in his car and waits for his world to end he gives himself the tools to fight this loss of identity, telling himself tNow I can reclaim all Id lost. Whats lost never perishes. (Murakami, 396) Although his identity has crumbled almost past recognition, the Narrator and the Dreamreader hold the key to retrieving it memories and the unrelenting search for identity. Even though the identity of the Japanese culture has been undermined by globalization and internationalization, Murakami believes that it provide be found again when the culture receives the proper stimulus when they begin to read the dreams of unicorns.

Americas Economy Today Essay -- essays research papers

Americas Economy TodayWith all the bad publicity about the thriftiness nowadays anyone with coming to a TV, magazine, or newspaper should be some(a)what familiar with the current economic crisis here in America. It seems like the Dow Jones Industrial Index and the S&P 500 Index are dropping lower every day, not to mention the poor condition of tech stocks listed in Nasdaq. Heres some current stock marketplace figures that display the markets current deterioration The Nasdaq index lost 8 percent of its value, putting it nearly two thirds off its apex last year, the Dow Jones index closed below 10,000, ending its biggest one-week point drop in 11 years, the S&P 500 index is now subdue 25% from its peak last March. This marks the start of the first bear market in half a generation. The future certainly looks grim exclusively by looking at the major indexs performance, but that is not the only thing we have to worry about. Consumer spending fuels two thirds of the economy and consu mer confidence fuels consumer spending. So far this year, consumer confidence has been dropping drastically. People have still been spending at about an average rate, but as the market continues this downward spiral people will definitely begin to hold onto their money a little tighter. Everyone knows about the big tax cut George chaparral is promising us, but how much will it really help the economy? The Bush administrati...

Essay --

In a patriarchal club that enforces the construction of heterosexual citizenship we be policed to follow normative discourses and structures that regulate social policies encouraging heteronormative behavior. Dominant ideologies of sexuality thus regulate and normalize social policies that create this second-class status for LGBT bulk. Those who wear to comply with conventional male and female behaviors argon forced to live on the margins of society, excluding them from social, legal and economic rewards forcing homosexual individuals to live a life where they are required to constantly defend their sexual loyalties. The following essay will be used to discuss the challenges to normative constructions of sexuality by dismantling the naturalization of heterosexuality in analyzing the binary of heteronormativity with the use of the song Same Love by hip-hop artist Macklemore. Heterosexuality is a political institution, which disempowers wo hands and men by taking away their right t o citizenship. Rapper Macklemores track provides a social commentary for the discussion of homosexual love in to solar days mainstream music. By expressing his punt towards the sanction of gay marriage he is challenging normative sexuality, and spreading awareness towards a now-present social issue. By analyzing the song, music video and live Grammy murder it is clear LGBT communities break down taboos by rejecting this idea of a compulsory lifestyle. Using the work and writing of Lord, Ingraham and Concannon this paper will explore the relationship amongst citizenship, sexual identity and social exclusion.The Silencing of Sexuality by author Cassandra Lord focuses on the negative response society places on homosexuality. The concept of living a... ...owards heteronormativity. What people refer to, as normal human behavior doesnt necessarily apply to everyone. However, due to conservative traditional and religious beliefs, the integration of homosexuals in society is often met w ith resistance. It can therefore be said that societal conservative tendencies have led to the intolerance of homosexuality therefore causing the inequality of LGBT men and women. In order to challenge normative constructions on sexuality one must first acknowledge that discrimination is still evident and continues to be a reason behind socio-political exclusion. The operations behind social policies cause oppression and isolation, and only re-thinking our approach in delivering new policies can hopefully one day meet the needs for a diverse lifestyle or in the words of Macklemore Its human rights for everybody, there is no difference

Studies in Emotional Intelligence Essay -- Psychology Research Papers

Studies in Emotional Intelligence There is a exploitation interest in the concept of emotional intuition, and with that growth is a gap between what we know and what we need to know. In the article, Emotional Intelligence Issues and Common Misunderstandings, Robert J. Emmerling and Daniel Goleman look into as to what emotional intelligence is, how it differs from other established constructs within psychology, whether or not it can be developed, whether or not it can be a better predictor of work performance than traditional measures of intelligence, whether or not it should be measured at all, and how it relates to ethics. Emotional intelligence has a potential return in predicting a range of criterion across different populations, entirely its predictive validity depends on the context, criterion of interest, and specific theory used. Traditional intelligence measures have been unable to write up for a significant portion of variance in c beer success and work performance. IQ was originally thought to account for twenty-five percent of how well people perform in their careers, while it was later discovered that IQ actually accounted for between four and ten percent. A more recent study found that IQ is a better predictor of work and academic performance than EI, but when it comes to becoming an extraordinary performer, IQ may be a less powerful predictor than EI. The failure of IQ to account for the variance between performance and success is especially apparent(a) among managers and senior leaders. IQ al one(a) is unable to predict this as well as competencies that integrate emotional, kind and cognitive abilities. Emotions and cognition are interwoven in the aspects of emotional intelligence, especially in interpersonal functioning, empathy, motivation, affective self-regulation, self-awareness, and complex decision-making. The range restriction on the variable of IQ among managers and senior executives may be the make out of IQs inability to predi ct the variance in performance among managers. Leaders must process a great deal of complex tuition on a daily basis, and that requires a high level of cognitive ability. IQ simply provides a basis on which to recognize a borderline capability that all who are within a certain job pool should have to keep their job. IQ should remain a predictor of the vocations that are available to an individual of a certain in... ...iduals may only receive feedback related to technical competence, people skills, or leadership style. For an individual to improve on any ability, he or she would need realistic feedback concerning their baseline abilities and progress. Providing valid and reliable feedback on specific emotional and social competence helps to provide individuals with cortical potential into their strengths and areas for development. Providing a more balanced view and a supportive environment can help to overcome feelings of defensiveness that often undermine the development of emot ional and social competencies. Emmerling and Goleman inquire as to whether or not EI is morally neutral of or if it interacts with an ethical dimension. In psychology, morality and ethics are treated individually in a dimensin beyond the issues at hand. Certain aspects of EI certainly tend to promote prosocial behavior. Self awareness must be deployed to act in accord with ones own sense of meaning, purpose, and ethics. Empathy appears to be an essential step in fostering compassion and altruism. These two individuals stress that the progress of emotional intelligence is impressive, but there is still a lot to be discovered.

The English School: A Via Media Essay -- Education, International Rela

The side of meat tame A Via MediaThe English School, also recognize as The world(prenominal) gild approach of the world(prenominal) Relations is a Via Media (Buzan, 2001, p471) between the Rationalism and Realist elements. The idea is that instead of separates elements, these should form a whole picture of the internationalist Relations. The unique approaches of the English School to International Relations are its methodological pluralism, its historicism and its interlinking of three very important concepts International arrangement, International Society and World Society.The English School is not widely know in the American International Relations typical field, maybe because of its roots are The British Committee and early whole meshs and lectures about the international society from Charles Manning and Martin Wight. According to Buzan the work of the British Committee is key because of the diverse group that contained not only people from several academician disciplin es but also practitioners from the world of diplomacy (Buzan, 2001)To Buzan in his work The English School An Underexploit Resource in IR and Devlen, James and Ozdamar in The English School, International Relations and Progress the English School is key a theory because its provide an opportunity to explore the area between the Rationalism and the Realist elements and how this elements can work together in a integrated approach to the study of International Relations.Starting PointThe English School is based on a many-sided division among International System, International Society and World Society or as Wights original formulation Realism, Rationalism and Revolutionism.The International System that is sometimes named by Hobbes or Machiavelli is all about po... ... the value of all three, system, society and world society, and its work shows greatest allegiance with the societal account of International Relations (Devlen, James and Ozdamar 2005).ConclusionThe English School play s and important and unique part of the International Relations combining a pluralistic approach and pickaxe the gap between the two major elements. Also its methodical and historicism approach make the English School available to other disciplines that enrich the result of the International Relations studies. The English School also includes Order and Justice in their framework and is an obligation of the great power to preserve this order and to apply legal expert when need it. Finally the English School approach demonstrates that in order to understand International Relations it is essential to recognize all the variables and actors involved.

The English School: A Via Media Essay -- Education, International Rela

The side naturalize A Via MediaThe English drill, overly recognize as The International monastic order approach of the International Relations is a Via Media (Buzan, 2001, p471) between the Rationalism and Realist elements. The idea is that instead of separates elements, these should form a whole picture of the International Relations. The unique approaches of the English School to International Relations ar its methodological pluralism, its historicism and its interlinking of three very important concepts International System, International Society and World Society.The English School is not widely know in the American International Relations typical field, maybe because of its roots are The British Committee and early works and lectures about the international society from Charles Manning and Martin Wight. accord to Buzan the work of the British Committee is key because of the diverse group that contained not only people from several academic disciplines but also practitioner s from the world of airiness (Buzan, 2001)To Buzan in his work The English School An Underexploit Resource in IR and Devlen, James and Ozdamar in The English School, International Relations and Progress the English School is key a theory because its provide an opportunity to explore the area between the Rationalism and the Realist elements and how this elements can work together in a co-ordinated approach to the study of International Relations.Starting PointThe English School is based on a three-way division among International System, International Society and World Society or as Wights original formulation Realism, Rationalism and Revolutionism.The International System that is sometimes named by Hobbes or Machiavelli is every last(predicate) about po... ... the value of all three, system, society and world society, and its work shows greatest allegiance with the societal account of International Relations (Devlen, James and Ozdamar 2005).ConclusionThe English School plays an d important and unique part of the International Relations combining a pluralistic approach and filling the gap between the two study elements. Also its methodical and historicism approach make the English School available to other disciplines that enrich the result of the International Relations studies. The English School also includes Order and Justice in their framework and is an obligation of the great power to preserve this order and to apply justice when need it. Finally the English School approach demonstrates that in order to understand International Relations it is essential to recognize all the variables and actors involved.

Chemical reaction Essay

1.Determine the enthalpy change for NaOH (s) + HCl (aq) NaCl (aq) + H2O(l) using Hesss Law.a. Write the balanced chemical reaction and enthalpy change for part I (1pt) b. Write the balanced chemical reaction and enthalpy change for Part II (1pt) c. Calculate the enthalpy change using Hesss Law. interrelate to the lesson for an example of Hesss Law. (2pt) 2.If the authoritative enthalpy change value for the dissolving of atomic number 11 hydroxide in water is 44.2 kilojoules per mole, determine the percent error of the experimental value that you calculated in Part I. Show your work. (experimental actual value) / actual value 100 %3.If the accepted heat of reaction for the neutralization of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide is 56.0 kilojoules per mole, determine the percent error of the experimental value that you calculated in Part II. Show your work. (experimental actual value) / actual value 100 %4.Using the accepted values of the processes youve examined, would you r estimation of the enthalpy change for the reaction of solid sodium hydroxide in aqueous hydrochloric acid change from the prediction you made in question one? Explain your answer in complete sentences. 5.Give a detailed explanation, using what you know about bonds and forces of attraction, for the enthalpy changes you observed in separate I and II of this lab. Explain your answer in complete sentences.

Field study Essay

Episode 7MY E-WORLDName of Site creator Larry Page & Sergey Brin, Ph.DName of Site GOOGLEPosting or Revision insure March 1997Organization Represented GOOGLE.ORGDate of Access September 16, 2011URL http//www.acronymfinder.com/Music,-Arts,-Physical,-Education-and-Health-(MAPEH).html apprize Description of the Materials in the WebwebsiteThis website tells about our course MAPEH (Music, Arts, Physical Education, & Health). Therefore this site helps us to make the different acitivities or episodes in this particular subject which is FS 3. Evaluation of the Website Strength WeaknessUpdated by learningtakes condemnation for you to find a special task because to broad Lots of informationno interaction between the researcher & the site Very large informationdoesnt gives direct informationMY E-WORLDName of Site Author Jimmy Wales & Larry SangerName of Site WIKIPEDIAPosting or Revision Date 15 January 2001Organization Represented Wikipedia.comDate of Access September 16, 2011URL http//en .wikipedia.org/wiki/SportsBrief Description of the Materials in the WebsiteThis website tells about the different sports their history, rules , regulations, equipment, penalties & etc. Helps students to know thedifferent sports and the information about each sport. Evaluation of the Website Strength WeaknessUpdated by informationtakes time for you to find a specific task because to broad Lots of informationno interaction between the researcher & the site Very large informationdoesnt gives direct informationReflectionCharlene AtigI conditioned a pickle of things in this subject. I am lucky to have the opportunity to observe a instill because finished this, I learn how to adjust students attitude and behavior to handle a particular class. Thus, I learn how to motivate each of the students correspond to their IQ capacity and how to respect each religion, culture and beliefs. As a teacher someday, we should be fair enough to our students because I know how important is the post of a teacher to an individual as well as their education. Indeed, I learn a lot in FS3 subject.Ellvine Pia BonocanIn this FS3 Subject, I learned a lot of things regarding our field which is MAPEH and how to apply it in the future. Through having an observation, I am now become more and more exposed in my traffic as a teacher. I am very thankful because without this, I wouldnt be able to explore and find oneself the life of being a teacher. Also, I learned different strategies in teaching and how to make the classroom become lively rather than to be bored.Through this exposure, I developed the skills in teaching and how to handle or manage a class. This Field make helped me a lot to know more about teaching and to awaken me up that teaching is not an easy profession alone we be the one who are molding the path of the students to become more equipped and be a better citizen in our country. My group mates and I enjoyed so much in observing a class in a particular school and making a nd answering the different type of episodes. Those were a very great and helpful tool and experienced for me.Annie Rose CalumpangIn this subject Field study give the students a chance to see the world (its cultures, diversity and realities) for themselves. As we work as a group, we shared what we are experiencing with the others. It reinforces previous classroom lessons and brings a higher level of realism and believing. In this subject we learn to live and work with others, supporting each other during group learning activities and withal Interactions from which we can discover your strengths, limitations, abilities and skills. This subject has enjoyable learning experiences. And time to appreciate the beauty of the world in which we are involved.Through this subject, I can discover different devices, tools, equipment, activities and instructional materials that can support and facilitate students achievements in the learning process. In this subject I learned a lot of things beca use I will be exposed to an exciting experiences by discovering different instructional materials and learn about their nature and used in the classroom but also for the learning about the physical qualities of such materials. I can be exposed to different types of students but I learned how to adjusts and motivate them. As a whole, it is important that the learning environment is conducive to the learning of the students because it can encouraged them to de active during classroom activities .Also when the learning environment is conducive students feel that they are respected and accepted.Roxanne Dela CruzField study for me is an actual learning in which training teachers can reflect, asses, observe, describe, the fundamentals in the field of teaching. It is an important tool to be familiarize about the use of the materials and would use it with creativity and techniques that can achieve the interest of the students.

Fundamentals of a Research Paper

In this paper, am going to discuss the different types of research, provide examples f what sort of register is appropriate for each type of research and I will also discuss how these types of research scum bag be used in the human operate field. Scientific Research Method What Is the scientific research method? I had to ask myself this question several times before I came to the conclusion of what Is in reality Is. there are SIX steps In the scientific research method that will help you get to the bottom of your research with a prove conclusion versus a conclusion that is based solely on a hunch.According to chapter 1 in our reading, scientific research means to embrace all branches of erudition the applications of this approach vary from one research discipline to another. Researchers in disciplines as varied as psychology, biomedicine, business, education, communication, economics, sociology, anthropology, physics, biology, and chemistry all use some variation of this appr oach. (Orison, 2008, Para. 1) There are six steps to scientific research these include these steps Include (1) stating what the problem is.By discovering what the problem is then you can go to step (2). heap up information, it is very important to gather the appropriate information take uped to (3) come to a hypothesis. After you come to a hypothesis then you will need to (4) test your theory. (5) After you are done testing your theory you will need to analyze your data that you have taken. It Is very important to follow these steps otherwise you may come to an Incomplete conclusion In the data you are researching.Quantitative and soft Research Quantitative research is a type of educational research in which the researcher decides what to study asks specific, narrow questions collects quantifiable data from participants analyzes these numbers using statistics and conducts the inquiry in an un bleached, objective manner. Qualitative research is a type of educational research in wh ich the researcher relies on the views of participants asks broad, general questions collects data consisting largely of words (or text) from participants describes and analyzes these words for themes and conducts the inquiry in a subjective, biased manner.Quantitative research began in the late 19th century and dominated educational inquiry for most of the 20th century (see De Lancashire, 1988, and Traverse, 1992, for an expanded discussion). It is remarkable how similar duodecimal research is today with its beginnings during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. I en Minimal Ideas Tort quantitative research came Trot ten Pensacola silences, such as physics and chemistry. Just as atoms and molecules were subject to predictable laws and axioms, so also were patterns of childrens behaviors in schools.Following this line of logic, early quantitative researchers began identifying educational patterns by assessing or measuring individual abilities, collecting scores (or numbers) fro m individuals, and employing procedures of psychological experiments and large-scale surveys. In the history of the development of quantitative research, three historical trends are present statistical procedures, test ND measurement practices, and research designs. Today, qualitative research presents an alternative to the traditional form of quantitative research.However, its historical use in education is to a greater extent recent than that of quantitative research. The ideas for qualitative research developed in the late sass and early sass in fields other than education. For example, qualitative studies of the silly in Great Britain and Europe, anthropological reports about indigenous cultures, and the fieldwork of sociologists in inner-city Chicago and with immigrants all appear in social science search up by the sass and sass (Bogged Bikini, 1998).There are several different ways that both of these research types can be used in human services. The first can be used to tra ck statistics for demographic purposes, this could be helpful if you are writing a grant or applying for some type of business loan. Qualitative research can be used when you are trying to see what kinds of human service needs are necessary in a extra region. Conclusion There are different ways to do research, these include the scientific ways meaning you follow the six steps to come to a conclusion and test your theory to make sure hat it works for you.

Lyndon B. Johnson’s Policies on Vietnam

Part A Plan of the InvestigationBoth of the American presidents Kennedy and Johnson played internal roles in the Vietnam conflict. Kennedy, supporting the idea of containment, committed the U.S. to support the government of South Vietnam in the early 1960s. After his assassination in 1963, Johnson became the next president, notwithstanding to what tip did he unfold Kennedys international indemnity concerning Vietnam?This investigation will therefore comp ar and contrast Johnsons and Kennedys contrasted policies concerning Vietnam, which will be analyzed with references to primary and secondary sources that clearly face the foreign policies of the two presidents. However, more intonation will be put on Johnsons govern on Vietnam, and how his administration actually decidedto act after Kennedys death.Additionally, emphasize will be put on how Johnson greatly deepened the U.S. involvement in Vietnam, after realizing the vast commitment it would take to win the war. This investi gation will primarily examine the degree of change in foreign policies of the two presidents towards Vietnam, and not the success or failure of Johnsons policies.Part B Summary of EvidenceKennedys Foreign policy 1961-1963 Committed the U.S to the Vietnam conflict, due to his support for containment and the eye mask theory change magnitude U.S. build up forces advisors from less than 700 men in January 1961 to 16,000 men by November 1963 Financed an increase in the South Vietnamese army from 150,000 to 170,000 men Launched propaganda and political activities to discredit the Viet Cong Drafted the NSAM 273, affirming to continue supporting South Vietnam Lyndon B. Johnson becomes president 1963Also supports containment and the domino theoryPledges to continue Kennedys foreign policy concerning Vietnam and to work with Kennedys former advisors Approves NSAM 273Johnson in 1964 Encounters m each(prenominal) an(prenominal) difficulties and lack of progress partially due to a confuse d and ineffective government in South Vietnam Realizes the vast commitment needed to win the war. demand an excuse to openly attack sexual union Vietnam and not lose his elections in 1964 Is able to exploit the Tonkin incident of August 1964 and to use it as an excuse Convinces sex act to pass the Tonkin resoluteness on August 7th giving him full authority and a blank check to wage war against North Vietnam Uses this announcement to Americanize the war in Vietnam.This village set the difference between Johnsons and Kennedys foreign policies The Tonkin Resolution in 1964 caused Johnsons Foreign policy to change Johnson was now able to send some 25,000 American combat troops to Vietnam by the end of 1964 Operation Rolling Thunder first in the spring of 1965 also emerged from this resolution It was a on divergence bombing campaign and aerial raids against North Vietnam.This surgery also demonstrated Johnsons much greater military commitment to Vietnam than Kennedys, showing It w as the first sustained U.S. military operation in Vietnam Johnson finally decided for an open-ended military commitment to Vietnam in 1965 Johnson was pretend to provide whatever military support needed to win the war This at last led to the United States committing more than 500,000 American troops to Vietnam.Par C rating of SourcesThe two sources that are going to be evaluated are Vietnam Explaining Americas Lost War by Gary Hess and An Album of the Vietnam War by Don Lawson, because they show contrary perspectives on how the American foreign policy developed towards Vietnam.The origin of the first text Vietnam Explaining Americas Lost War is a historic book and a secondary source that analyzes the U.S failure in the Vietnam War. The purpose of this text is to analyze the eight steps that deepened the American commitment to South Vietnam, starting with the Kennedy administration.The value of this source is that it gives the readers a good overview on the foreign policies of bo th Johnson and Kennedy, specifically stating the important decisions of each president. It also highlights all the important events that led to any changes in the American foreign policy towards Vietnam. However, a limitation is that it does not go into great detail and it does not connect the foreign policies of the two presidents, but rather deals with them separately.The origin of the second text An Album of the Vietnam War is a historical book and also a secondary source, attempting to explain Johnsons foreign policy on Vietnam and how this effected the U.S. involvement. The purpose of this source is to explain how Johnson exploited his power through and through the Tonkin Resolution, and how this caused a much bigger involvement and commitment in Vietnam. Unlike the first source, this one focuses a lot more on the Tonkin Resolution and sets it as the turning point in the American involvement in Vietnam, stating that this event was the foundation for further involvement.The valu e is that the readers can see and understand why Johnson and his advisors acted as they did, and how they justified their decisions. The mainlimitation is that it practically only deals with Johnsons actions and barely connects to the previous foreign policies of Kennedy. The overview of Johnsons foreign policy is also quite limited, since the focus is primarily placed on the Tonkin Resolution, where all the other events are stated in relation to it and not independently.Part D AnalysisDuring his governing from 1961 until 1963, John F. Kennedy committed the U.S. into the Vietnamese conflict. Being a surd supporter of the Domino scheme, and a strong believer in containment, he made sure to support the South Vietnamese government against the communistic North Vietnam. In his presidency Kennedy was able to greatly increase the military assistance and funding for South Vietnam. Starting with fewer than 700 men in January 1961, he was able to increase the U.S. military personnel to 16 ,000 by November 1963. His foreign policy also caused to finance an increase in the size of the South Vietnamese army from 150,000 to 17000. Additionally, propaganda and political activities where launched with the purpose of discrediting the Viet Cong and edifice support for the Saigon government. However after his assassination in November of 1963, the situation changed.Just two hours after Kennedys death in 1963, Lyndon Baines Johnson was inaugurated as the U.S. President. However, many of Kennedys advisors strongly supported the idea of emphasizing continuity with Kennedys policies1. Johnson suddenly becoming the American President asked the Kennedy team to remain with him2. Johnson, like Kennedy, was a strong supporter of containment and believed that the U.S. main foreign policy should be to stop communist expansion. Several days after Kennedys death, Johnson approved NSAM 2733, a document drafted during Kennedys presidency, which affirmed the American commitment to assist So uth Vietnam.Just like Kennedy, who was determined to pursue the fight against Communism around the globe and promising to pay any price, bear any burden4, so was Johnson determined to accomplish his predecessors objectives stating let us continue5 in Vietnam. Therefore, it is no strike that Johnson pledged to carry out the policies of the Kennedy administration6. However Johnson soon realized that the new government of South Vietnam7 seemed confused and ineffective and that bold actions have to be taken in Vietnam since the conflict has reached a stage of definitive crisis8. However, Johnson did not want to risk his success in the upcoming elections in 1964, and needed a good reason to openly attack North Vietnam.The Tonkin Incident of August 1964 offered him this opportunity. This murky crisis, where an attack on an American destroyer war reported, provided Johnson with the opportunity of win over congress to pass the Tonkin Gulf Resolution on August 7, giving Johnson full author ity to take all necessary measures, including the use of armed force to assist South Vietnam9. This resolution carried the basis of Americas deeper involvement during Johnsons Presidency. This also set the difference between Johnsons and Kennedys foreign policies, since with this resolution Johnson was able to Americanize the war in Vietnam. Up until this event Johnsons foreign policy was quite similar to Kennedys, whereas after the resolution his new foreign policies deepened the U.S. involvement in Vietnam to a much larger extent. Already shortly after this resolution the effects could be seen, since immediate increases in military assistance were ordered, causing some 25,000 American combat troops in Vietnam by 196410. Additionally, by the spring of 196511 there were constant American aerial raids on North Vietnam, which was a part of an operation called Rolling Thunder12. Johnson and his advisors greatly supported this operation in the hope of damaging North Vietnams war-making infrastructure and its lines of supply13. This operation which emerged from the Tonkin resolution also set Johnsons foreign policy apart from Kennedys. It was the first sustained U.S. military operation in Vietnam, which demonstrated Johnsons much greater military commitment to Vietnam then Kennedys, whose foreign policy at the time did not include or plan such an operation. This trend of continuously sending more and more American troops continued, which can be clearly seen when Johnson finally decided in July of 1965 for an open-ended military commitment14. Johnson was able to on the whole Americanize15 this war and rush thousands of ground troops into Vietnam, which was a huge difference to Kennedys foreign policy. This can be especially seen when comparing the maximum number of Kennedys military advisors of 16,000 by November 196316 with Johnsons 500,000 American troops in Vietnam by 1968. Although Johnson started with a similar foreign policy as Kennedy, he soon realized that this wouldnt work for winning thewar effectively. Through the Tonkin Resolution Johnson was able to greatly increase the U.S. involvement, leading to events such as Operation Rolling Thunder. After deciding for an open-ended military commitment to Vietnam in 1965, Johnson eventually sent more than half a million American troops to Vietnam by 1968, which was the end of his presidency and clearly showing that his foreign policy was different from Kennedys.Part E ConclusionKennedys foreign policy committed the U.S in supporting the government of South Vietnam in the early 1960s, since was a strong believer of containment and the domino theory. His foreign policy involved increasing the number of military advisors and the funding for South Vietnam, as well as propaganda against North Vietnam. However after Kennedys assassination, Johnson inherits the responsibility for the U.S. involvement in Vietnam.At first, Johnson does continue Kennedys foreign policies concerning Vietnam, similarly supporting the idea of containment just as Kennedy did. However, after realizing the vast commitment it is going to take to win the war and being encountered by numerous difficulties and lack of progress, he eventually causes the U.S. involvement to become much deeper. Johnson was able to achieve this through the Tonkin Resolution, which gave him the power for operations such as Rolling Thunder and eventually an open-ended military commitment towards this conflict.This change in foreign policy where Johnson completely Americanized the war was different from Kennedys foreign policy. In conclusion, Johnsons foreign policy has caused a much larger U.S. involvement in Vietnam than Kennedys foreign policy.